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<\/p>\n
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- Platform Overview<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Arduino<\/b><\/p>\n
Arduino boards are microcontroller-based platforms designed for direct hardware control without an operating system. They use simple firmware written in C\/C++ and start executing code immediately on power-up, making them ideal for deterministic, low-latency tasks <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n
Raspberry Pi<\/b><\/p>\n
Raspberry Pi is a single-board computer running a Linux-based OS (e.g., Raspberry Pi OS). It offers powerful CPU, GPU, multimedia capabilities, and high-level programming via Python, C++, or other languages. It requires proper shutdown but supports complex applications like computer vision and web servers <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n
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- Processing Power and Memory<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\n\n
\n Feature<\/span><\/td>\n Arduino Uno Rev3<\/span><\/td>\n Raspberry Pi 4 Model B<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n CPU<\/span><\/td>\n 16 MHz AVR ATmega328P<\/span><\/td>\n Quad-core Cortex-A72 @1.8 GHz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n RAM<\/span><\/td>\n 2 KB SRAM<\/span><\/td>\n 1 GB\u20138 GB LPDDR4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Flash\/Storage<\/span><\/td>\n 32 KB Flash<\/span><\/td>\n MicroSD card (OS and storage)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Operating System<\/span><\/td>\n None<\/span><\/td>\n Linux-based OS<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/p>\n
Arduino\u2019s limited clock speed and memory suit simple I\/O tasks <\/span>. Raspberry Pi\u2019s multicore architecture and gigabytes of RAM enable resource-intensive applications <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n
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- Real-Time Capability<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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- Arduino executes code in bare-metal fashion, providing predictable timing and deterministic response, essential for motor control, sensor sampling, and closed-loop systems <\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Raspberry Pi, running Linux, can have unpredictable scheduling delays. Real-time extensions (e.g., PREEMPT_RT kernel) or dedicated libraries (pigpio, WiringPi) improve timing but cannot match Arduino\u2019s native determinism.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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- Power Consumption and Cost<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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- Arduino Uno Rev3<\/b> draws ~50 mA (0.25 W) at 5 V; costs around $20 <\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Raspberry Pi 4 Model B<\/b> consumes 600 mA\u20131 A (3\u20135 W) depending on workload; costs $35\u2013$75 depending on RAM<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
For battery-powered or cost-sensitive applications, Arduino\u2019s lower power draw and price are advantageous.<\/span><\/p>\n
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- I\/O and Connectivity<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Arduino I\/O<\/b><\/p>\n
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- Digital I\/O: 14 pins (6 PWM)<\/span><\/li>\n
- Analog inputs: 6 channels<\/span><\/li>\n
- Communication: UART, I\u00b2C, SPI<\/span><\/li>\n
- Expandability: Shields for Ethernet, Wi-Fi, motor drivers <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Raspberry Pi I\/O<\/b><\/p>\n
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- GPIO: 40-pin header (digital only)<\/span><\/li>\n
- No native analog inputs (requires external ADC)<\/span><\/li>\n
- Communication: UART, I\u00b2C, SPI, CSI (camera), DSI (display)<\/span><\/li>\n
- Connectivity: Gigabit Ethernet, dual-band Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 5.0, USB 3.0 <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Arduino provides built-in analog channels; Raspberry Pi needs add-ons. Pi excels in networking and multimedia interfaces.<\/span><\/p>\n
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- Development Ecosystem<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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- Arduino IDE<\/b> offers straightforward code uploading, serial monitoring, and extensive libraries for sensors and actuators <\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Raspberry Pi<\/b> supports SSH, remote desktop, and full IDEs (Thonny, VS Code). Complex software stacks (databases, web servers, AI frameworks) are easily deployed<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Arduino\u2019s simplicity suits beginners. Raspberry Pi\u2019s Linux environment enables professional development workflows.<\/span><\/p>\n
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- Use-Case Scenarios<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Choose Arduino When:<\/b><\/p>\n
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- Hard real-time control<\/b> of motors, actuators, or time-critical sensors is required<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Minimal power consumption<\/b> and cost are priorities<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Projects demand <\/span>built-in analog I\/O<\/b> without external modules<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Choose Raspberry Pi When:<\/b><\/p>\n
- Minimal power consumption<\/b> and cost are priorities<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Hard real-time control<\/b> of motors, actuators, or time-critical sensors is required<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Raspberry Pi<\/b> supports SSH, remote desktop, and full IDEs (Thonny, VS Code). Complex software stacks (databases, web servers, AI frameworks) are easily deployed<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- Arduino IDE<\/b> offers straightforward code uploading, serial monitoring, and extensive libraries for sensors and actuators <\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- No native analog inputs (requires external ADC)<\/span><\/li>\n
- Analog inputs: 6 channels<\/span><\/li>\n
- Digital I\/O: 14 pins (6 PWM)<\/span><\/li>\n
- Raspberry Pi 4 Model B<\/b> consumes 600 mA\u20131 A (3\u20135 W) depending on workload; costs $35\u2013$75 depending on RAM<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- Arduino Uno Rev3<\/b> draws ~50 mA (0.25 W) at 5 V; costs around $20 <\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Raspberry Pi, running Linux, can have unpredictable scheduling delays. Real-time extensions (e.g., PREEMPT_RT kernel) or dedicated libraries (pigpio, WiringPi) improve timing but cannot match Arduino\u2019s native determinism.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
- Arduino executes code in bare-metal fashion, providing predictable timing and deterministic response, essential for motor control, sensor sampling, and closed-loop systems <\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Real-Time Capability<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
- Processing Power and Memory<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n