The Inner Universe: A Mechanistic Inquiry into the Representations and Reasoning of Transformer Architectures

Introduction: The Opaque Mind of the Machine: From Black Boxes to Mechanistic Understanding The advent of large language models (LLMs) built upon the transformer architecture represents a watershed moment in Read More …

Adversarial Robustness through Certified Defenses: Provable Guarantees for AI in Safety-Critical Systems

The Imperative for Provable Guarantees in Safety-Critical AI The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) models, into the core operational fabric of society marks a paradigm Read More …

Architectures of Integration: A Comprehensive Analysis of Neuro-Symbolic AI

Executive Summary Artificial Intelligence (AI) has historically been defined by a fundamental schism between two competing paradigms: the formal, logic-based reasoning of symbolic AI and the intuitive, data-driven pattern recognition Read More …

Disentangling Cause and Effect: A Report on Causal Inference Frameworks for High-Dimensional, Non-Stationary Environments

The Causal Imperative: From Statistical Association to Mechanistic Understanding The modern data landscape, characterized by its unprecedented volume and complexity, has amplified the need for analytical methods that transcend simple Read More …

Fine-Grained Complexity Theory: A Quantitative Analysis of the Complexity Landscape Within P

Introduction: Charting the Complexity Landscape Within P For decades, the central organizing principle of computational complexity theory has been the dichotomy between “tractable” and “intractable” problems, formalized by the complexity Read More …

The Evolution of Byzantine Consensus: Cryptographic Primitives as Catalysts for Blockchain Scalability and Security

Part I: Foundations of Byzantine Fault Tolerance The quest for creating resilient distributed systems that can maintain a consistent state despite component failures is one of the foundational challenges in Read More …

The Deconstructed Data Center: A Comprehensive Analysis of Disaggregated Architectures and Resource Allocation at Warehouse Scale

Section 1: The Monolithic Ceiling: Analyzing the Limits of Traditional Server Architectures For decades, the monolithic server has been the fundamental building block of the data center. This “converged” model, Read More …

Breaking the Memory Wall: An Architectural Analysis of Processing-in-Memory for Data-Intensive Computing

Executive Summary Modern computing is defined by a fundamental paradox: while processing units have achieved unprecedented speeds, their performance is increasingly constrained by the time and energy required to access Read More …

Bridging Theory and Practice: The Path to Computationally Feasible Machine Learning with Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE)

Executive Summary: This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) as a transformative technology for privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML). It begins by establishing the cryptographic principles of Read More …

Verifiable Computation for Blockchain Scalability: A Technical Analysis of zk-SNARK and zk-STARK Protocols

Executive Summary The proliferation of decentralized applications has exposed a fundamental limitation in foundational blockchain protocols like Ethereum and Bitcoin: the inability to scale transaction throughput without compromising decentralization or Read More …