❓ What is GraphQL?
GraphQL is an open-source query language for APIs and a runtime that allows clients to request exactly what they need—and nothing more. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}
🎯 Precise Data Fetching
Clients specify the data shape in their query, avoiding both over-fetching and under-fetching. :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
📏 Strongly Typed Schema
GraphQL APIs are defined by a schema that outlines types, fields, and relationships—enabling validation and auto-documentation. :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
🔀 Single Endpoint API
Unlike REST, GraphQL uses a single endpoint to serve all queries, often reducing network complexity. :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}
🛠 Operations: Queries & Mutations
Supports queries to fetch data and mutations to modify it. Also supports subscriptions for real-time updates. :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}
🧪 Introspection & Tooling
Built-in introspection enables tools like GraphiQL, code generation, and schema exploration. :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}
⚔ GraphQL vs. REST
GraphQL delivers flexible, client-controlled data fetching via a single endpoint; REST relies on fixed endpoints and verbs. :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}
💡 Evolving APIs Without Versioning
GraphQL schemas can evolve gracefully by deprecating fields—without breaking existing clients. :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}
🌐 Multi-Language Support
Client and server implementations exist across languages—JavaScript, Python, Java, Go, Ruby, and more. :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}
🆕 Built at Facebook
Originated at Facebook in 2012 and open-sourced in 2015. Governed now by the GraphQL Foundation under the Linux Foundation. :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}
⚠️ Caching Can Be Tricky
Because queries are dynamic, caching responses at the server or edge is more complex than with REST. :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}
🛡 Security Testing
GraphQL security requires care; tools like GraphQLer help detect vulnerabilities like access control and injection flaws. :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}