Asynchronous Blockchains: Designing Networks That Never Wait

Summary:  The conceptual architecture of distributed ledgers has undergone a profound transformation, shifting from the rigid, clock-dependent synchrony of early systems toward a highly resilient, asynchronous paradigm. In the context Read More …

Blockspace as a Commodity: Who Really Owns It?

1. The Ontology of Blockspace: Defining the Digital Commodity The emergence of blockspace represents a fundamental shift in the global economic landscape, introducing a novel asset class that defies convenient Read More …

Shared Sequencers: The Coordination Layer Rollups Need

1. The Modular Crisis: Fragmentation and the Centralization Trap The evolution of the Ethereum ecosystem over the last half-decade has been defined by a decisive shift from a monolithic architecture—where Read More …

Execution-Free Blockchains: The Paradigm Shift from Computation to Verification

1. The End of Replicated Execution The fundamental architecture of distributed ledgers is undergoing a metamorphosis. For over a decade, the prevailing model of blockchain consensus has relied on replicated Read More …

Cross-Rollup Composability: The Hardest Problem in Web3

I. The Architectural Crisis of the Modular Stack 1.1 The Dissolution of Synchrony The history of blockchain architecture can be viewed as a struggle between two fundamental forces: the integration Read More …

Data Availability Is the New Consensus: The Modular Revolution and the Structural Transformation of Decentralized Networks

Executive Summary The history of blockchain architecture is bifurcated by a single, critical realization: that the constraint on decentralized scalability is not the speed of computation, but the bandwidth of Read More …

The Governance of Execution: A Comparative Analysis of Sovereign and Based Rollup Architectures

Executive Summary: The Divergence of Modular Execution The architectural evolution of blockchain scalability has transitioned from a focus on raw throughput to a fundamental re-evaluation of execution governance. As the Read More …