Data Availability Is the New Consensus: The Modular Revolution and the Structural Transformation of Decentralized Networks

Executive Summary The history of blockchain architecture is bifurcated by a single, critical realization: that the constraint on decentralized scalability is not the speed of computation, but the bandwidth of Read More …

The Governance of Execution: A Comparative Analysis of Sovereign and Based Rollup Architectures

Executive Summary: The Divergence of Modular Execution The architectural evolution of blockchain scalability has transitioned from a focus on raw throughput to a fundamental re-evaluation of execution governance. As the Read More …

Non-Functional Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Approach to System Quality and Architecture

Executive Summary This report provides an expert-level analysis of Non-Functional Requirements (NFR) Engineering, focusing on the three critical system qualities of Performance, Security, and Scalability. The central thesis of this Read More …

Breaking the Memory Wall: An Architectural Analysis of Processing-in-Memory for Data-Intensive Computing

Executive Summary Modern computing is defined by a fundamental paradox: while processing units have achieved unprecedented speeds, their performance is increasingly constrained by the time and energy required to access Read More …

The Architecture of Scale: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mixture of Experts in Large Language Models

Part I: Foundational Principles of Sparse Architectures Section 1: Introduction – The Scaling Imperative and the Rise of Conditional Computation The trajectory of progress in large language models (LLMs) has Read More …